Everything about Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile totally explained
Submarine-launched ballistic missiles or
SLBMs are
ballistic missiles delivering
nuclear weapons that are launched from
submarines. Modern variants usually deliver
multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) each of which carries a
warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets.
Description
As early as 1934,
H. G. Wells predicted, in his
The Shape of Things to Come, the use of submarines carrying "long-range air torpedoes with directional apparatus". Though he envisaged these as carrying chemical rather than nuclear warheads, he grasped the far reaching strategic implications. "The smallest of these raiders carried enough of such stuff to 'prepare' about eight hundred square miles of territory; it could have turned London or New York into a cityful of distorted corpses. These vessels made London vulnerable to Japan, Tokyo vulnerable to Dublin; they abolished the last corners of safety in the world."
The first successful tests of a submarine-based launch platform were by German
U-boats in
World War II using a submarine towed launch platform. These and other early SLBM systems required vessels to be surfaced when they fired missiles, but after World War II, launch systems were quickly adapted to allow underwater launching. In September of 1955, the
Soviet Union was the first country to launch a ballistic missile from a submarine.
Ballistic missile submarines have been of great strategic importance for the
USA and
Russia since the start of the
Cold War, as they can hide from
reconnaissance satellites and fire their nuclear weapons with virtual impunity. This makes them immune to a
First Strike directed against nuclear forces, allowing each side to maintain the capability to launch a devastating retaliatory strike, even if all land-based missiles have been destroyed. This relieves each side of the necessity to adopt a
launch-on-warning posture, with its grave attendant risk of accidental nuclear war. Additionally, the deployment of highly accurate missiles on ultra-quiet submarines allows an attacker to sneak up close to the enemy coast and launch a missile on a depressed trajectory - a very close range attack which will hit its target in a matter of minutes, thus opening the possibility of a
decapitation strike.
Types of SLBMs
Specific types of SLBMs include:
India
People's Republic of China:
Soviet Union/Russia:
- SS-N-4 R-13
- SS-N-5 "Sark",R-21
- SS-N-6 "Serb",R-27
- SS-N-8 "Sawfly",R-29
- SS-N-17 "Snipe",R-31
- SS-N-18 "Stingray", R-29,RSM-50
- R-39 missile, SS-N-20 "Sturgeon", RSM-52
- SS-N-23 "Skiff", R-29RM,RSM-54
- SS-NX-30, 3M30,R-30,RSM-56
US and UK:
Types of SSBNs
Specific types of ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) include:
Benjamin Franklin class submarine - former, US
Triomphant class submarine - current, France
Redoutable class submarine - former, France
Ohio class submarine - current, US
Resolution class submarine - former, UK
Vanguard class submarine - current, UK
Type 092 (Xia class) submarine - current, China
Type 094 (Jin class) submarine - current, China
Advanced Technology Vessel - future (2010), India
List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines - current and former, RussiaFurther Information
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